Musical Instruments

• Sintir -Also known as the Guembri (‫الكمبري‬), Gimbri or Hejhouj -It is a three stringed skin-covered bass plucked lute used by the Gnawa people. -Body carved from a log and covered on the playing side with camel skin. -It is approximately the size of a guitar
  

• Oud -The Oud (Arabic: ‫عود‬‎) is a short-neck lute-type, pear-shaped stringed instrument with 11 or 13 strings. -Commonly used predominantly in the music of the Western Asia and North Africa -The Oud, as a fundamental difference with the western lute, has no frets and a smaller neck. -It is the direct ancestor of the European lute. -The oldest surviving Oud is thought to be in Brussels, at the Museum of Musical Instruments
  

• Darbo uka -It is a single head membranophone with a goblet shaped body used mostly in Egypt -Also in parts of the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia, and Eastern Europe. -They have been around for thousands of years, used in Mesopotamian and Ancient Egyptian cultures. -Goblet drums were seen in Babylonia and Sumer, from as early as 1100 BCE.
  

• Bendir - also known as erbeni/arbani - sized from 14 to 16 inches - played vertically by inserting the thumb of the left hand in a special holes in the frame - the bendir has a small hole in the bottom, which is used to balance the drum at the base of the left thumb as the left hand fingers that the rim and the right hand plays the rim and center - usually played along with bongos - frame drum used in traditional instrument in North Africa - has a snare across its head which gives the tonr a buzzing quality when struck with fingers - it has wooden frame and a membrane - it creates different sounds depends on the shock waves moving across the skins itself - the oldest and common kind of drum - used since prehistoric times throughout North Africa, Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia
  

• Karkabas - metallic castanet-like musical instrument - originally made out of iron, now made out of alloy steel - when played, it produces a similar to the beat of horses' hooves - commonly used in Gnawa music
  

• Nai - a rim-blown flute found in some Chaabi ensembles. - It can be made from reed, metal, or wood - the instrument is old, dating back at least five mellenia in the Arab world - for proof that the ney (also spelled nay) is one of the oldest musical instruments still in use, you need look no further than the great Sumerian city of Ur - archeologists have found the delicate flute-like instruments in excavations of the ancient city in - the Great Pyramids in Giza, there are paintings depicting Egyptians playing the ney, perhaps to the tune of a funeral dirge - the ney has been in use for at least 4,500 years, perhaps even longer - the instrument is still played today by musicians from Morocco to Pakistan and from Bulgaria to Ethiopia

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